The flowers are inconspicuous, greenish-yellow, 5–10 mm ( 3⁄ 16– 3⁄ 8 in) wide. Panicles of flowers with deciduous bracts arise from new growth or the axils of leaves. Persea americana is a tree that grows to 20 m (66 ft), with alternately arranged leaves 12–25 cm (5–10 in) long. Global warming is expected to result in significant changes to the suitable growing zones for avocados, and place additional pressures on the locales in which they are produced due to heat waves and drought. Avocado production is also implicated in other externalities, including environmental justice, human rights concerns, deforestation and the partial control of their production in Mexico by organized crime. In major production regions like Chile, Mexico and California the water demands of avocado farms place serious strain on local sources. Despite the C3 photosynthesis of the avocado tree, which consumes atmospheric carbon dioxide to generate the fruit, the industrial scale on which the trees are farmed nevertheless makes avocado production a net carbon source, with more than 400 grams (218 liters) of CO 2 being emitted per fruit grown. Īvocado trees bear one of the most resource-intensive fruits under wide cultivation, with each avocado fruit requiring 70 litres (18 US gallons 15 imperial gallons) of water to grow. The nutrient density and extremely high fat content of avocado flesh are useful to a variety of cuisines and are often eaten to enrich vegetarian diets. For commercial purposes the fruits are picked while immature and ripened after harvesting.
Depending on the cultivar, avocados have green, brown, purplish, or black skin, and may be pear-shaped, egg-shaped, or spherical. The fruit of domestic varieties have smooth, buttery, golden-green flesh when ripe. Mexico is the world's leading producer of avocados as of 2020, supplying nearly 30% of the global harvest in that year. Avocados are presently cultivated in the tropical and Mediterranean climates of many countries. Avocado trees are partially self-pollinating, and are often propagated through grafting to maintain consistent fruit output. Its fruit, sometimes also referred to as an alligator or avocado pear, is botanically a large berry containing a single large seed. The tree likely originated in the highlands bridging south-central Mexico and Guatemala. Then as now it was prized for its large and unusually oily fruit. It is native to the Americas and was first domesticated by Mesoamerican tribes more than 5,000 years ago. The avocado ( Persea americana) is a medium-sized, evergreen tree in the laurel family ( Lauraceae).
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